ALUMINUM |
| .the main benefits of aluminum are : | |
| it's an economic metal high strength against physical pressure very light ( especially compared to steal and iron ) highly corrosive resistant very environmental metal ( 100 % recyclable ) very thermo conducting ( for lamp housings or cooling systems for example ) good where fast cooling is needed, such as lamp housings and cooling installations. good for fast heating such as waffle irons, etc. … has a smooth and clean surface easily polished or painted or anodized good to cast thin pieces good to cast complex shapes good for out door use ( not like zink/zamak f.e. ) sea / salt resistant ( depends on the alloy ) |
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ALUMINUM ALLOYS |
EN AC-46000 GD-AlSi9Cu3 |
EN AC-44300 GD-AlSi12 |
EN AC-43400 GD-AlSi10Mg |
EN AC-51200 GD-AlMg9 |
min |
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| Si | 8 | 11 | 10,5 | 13,5 | 9 | 11 | 1,5 | 2,5 |
| Cu | 2 | 3,5 | --- | 0,1 | --- | 0,1 | --- | 0,05 |
| Mn | 0,1 | 0,5 | 0,001 | 0,4 | 0,001 | 0,4 | 0,2 | 0,5 |
| Mg | 0,1 | 0,5 | --- | 0,05 | 0,4 | 0,5 | 9 | 10 |
| Fe | 0,7 | 1,2 | 0,7 | 1 | 0,7 | 1 | 0,7 | 1 |
| Ni | --- | 0,3 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pb | --- | 0,2 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sn | --- | 0,1 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ti | --- | 0,15 | --- | 0,15 | --- | 0,15 | --- | 0,15 |
| Zn | --- | 1,2 | --- | 0,1 | --- | 0,1 | --- | 0,1 |
| Al | --- | rest | --- | rest | --- | rest | --- | rest |
| Others | <0,05 | <0,15 | <0,05 | <0,15 | <0,05 | <0,15 | <0,05 | <0,15 |
| Number | 3.2163.05 | 3.2582.05 | 3.2382.05 | 3.3292.05 | ||||
| 0,2-Limit | 140 - 240 | N/mm2 | 140 - 180 | N/mm2 | 140 - 200 | N/mm2 | 140 - 220 | N/mm2 |
| Firmness | 240 - 310 | RN/mm2 | 220 - 280 | RN/mm2 | 220 - 300 | RN/mm2 | 200 - 300 | RN/mm2 |
| Elasticity | 0,5 - 3 | A5% | 1 - 3 | A5% | 1 - 3 | A5% | 1 - 5 | A5% |
| Hardness | 80 - 120 | HB 5/250 | 60 - 100 | HB 5/250 | 70 - 100 | HB 5/250 | 70 - 100 | HB 5/250 |
| Density | 2,75 | kg/dm3 | 2,65 | kg/dm3 | 2,65 | kg/dm3 | 2,6 | kg/dm3 |
PEWTER |
| the main benefits of tin/pewter are : | ||
| non corrosive .almost no oxidizing ( even less then silver ) easily polished in a sliver, satin or antique finish. .it bends rather then braking ( as most other metals do ) food appropriate ( it is used in various medicines ) .....( the insides of food cans are always covered with thin ) taste free ( good for food and drink ware f.e. ) .it can be casted on a high pressure die casting machine , as centrifugally casted .....( this makes it easy to produce high as low volumes ) excellent for out door use good to cast thin pieces excellent to cast complex shapes extreme smooth and clean surface highly electrical conducting very environmental metal ( 100 % recyclable ) |
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| the main sectors for tin/pewter are : | ||
| food sector ( aluminum "tin plated" food cans
) giftware , table ware & deco rational .medical sector ( medicine & equipment ) trophies & promotional items designer items .jewelry .....… |
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PEWTER ALLOY |
| Name | Sn | Cu | Sb |
| Pewter contains | 97% | 2% | 1% |
| Atomic Number | 50 | 29 | 51 |
| Atomic Mass | 118.71 amu | 63.546 amu | 121.76 amu |
| Melting Point | 231.9 °C | 1083.0 °C | 630.0 °C |
| Boiling Point | 2270.0 °C | 2567.0 °C | 1750.0 °C |
| Number of Protons/Electrons | 50 | 29 | 51 |
| Number of Neutrons | 69 | 35 | 71 |
| Crystal Structure | Tetragonal | Cubic | Rhombohedral |
| Density @ 293 K | 7.31 g/cm 3 | 8.96 g/cm 3 | 6.684 g/cm 3 |
| Color | white | red/orange | bluish |
ZINK / ZAMAK |
the main concerns about zamak are : ........................................low melting
point |
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ZINK / ZAMAK ALLOYS |
| ZAMAK 2 | ZAMAK 3 | ZAMAK 5 | ZAMAK 7 | ZAMAK 8 | ZAMAK 12 | ZAMAK 27 |
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| Al | 3.5- 4.3 | 3.5- 4.3 | 3.5- 4.3 | 3.5- 4.3 | 8.0- 8.8 | 10.5-11.5 | 25.0-28.0 | % |
| Mg | .020-.050 | .020-.05 | .03- .08 | .005-.020 | .015-.030 | .015-.030 | .010-.020 | % |
| Cu | 2.5- 3.0 | .25 max 9 | .75-1.25 | .25 max | .8- 1.3 | 0.5- 1.2 | 2.0- 2.5 | % |
| Fe (max) | .10 | .10 | .10 | .075 | .075 | .075 | .075 | % |
| Pb (max) | .005 | .005 | .005 | .003 | .006 | .006 | .006 | % |
| Cd (max) | .004 | .004 | .004 | .002 | .006 | .006 | .006 | % |
| Sn (max) | .003 | .003 | .003 | .001 | .003 | .003 | .003 | % |
| Ni (other)x 10 | - | - | - | .005-.020 | - | - | - | % |
| Zn | Bal. | Bal. | Bal. | Bal. | Bal. | Bal. | Bal. | % |
| Mechanical | .. | |||||||
| U.Tensile Strength | 52 (359) | 41 (283) | 48 (328) | 41 (283) | 54 (374) | 58 (400) | 61 (421) | psi x 10.3(MPa) |
| Yield Strength | 41 (283) | 32 (221) | 39 (269) | 32 (221) | 42 (290) | 46 (317) | 55 (379) | psi x 10.3(MPa) |
| Elongation | 7 | 10 | 7 | 13 | 6/okt | 4/jul | 1/mrt | % in 2" |
| Shear Strength | 46 (317) | 31 (214) | 38 (262) | 31 (214) | 40 (275) | 43 (296) | 47 (325) | psi x 10.3(MPa) |
| Hardness | 100 | 82 | 91 | 80 | 95-110 | 95-115 | 105-125 | Brinell |
| Impact Strength | 35² (48) | 43² (58) | 48² (65) | 43² (58) | 31³ (42) | 21³ (29) | 9³ (5) | ft-lb (J) |
| Fatigue Strength | 8.5 (59) | 6.9 (48) | 8.2 (57) | 6.8 (47) | 15 (103) | 17 (117) | 21 (145) | psi x 10 3 (MPa) |
| Compressive Yield Strength | 93 4 (641) | 60 4 (414) | 87 4 (600) | 60 4 (414) | 37 (252) | 39 (269) | 52 (385) | psi x 10.3(MPa) |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 12.4 6 (85.5) | 12.4 6 (85.5) | 12.4 6 (85.5) | 12.4 6 (85.5) | - | - | - | psi x 10.6 (MPax10.3) |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.32 | |
| Physical | ||||||||
| Density | .24 (6.6) | .24 (6.6) | .24 (6.6) | .24 (6.6) | .227 (6.3) | .218 (6.0) | .181 (5.0) | lb/cu in(g/cm 3 ) |
| Melting Range | 379-390) | 381-387 | 380-386 | 381-387 | 375-404 | 377-432 | 376-484 | °C) |
| Electr.Cond. | 25 | 27 | 26 | 27 | 27.7 | 28.3 | 29.7 | %IACS |
| Thermal Cond. | 60.5 | 65.3 | 62.9 | 65.3 | 66.3 | 67.1 | 72.5 | BTU/ft/hr/°F |
| Thermal Exp. | 15.4 (27.8) | 15.2 (27.4) | 15.2 (27.4) | 15.2 (27.4) | 12.9 (23.3) | 13.4 (24.2) | 14.4 (26.0) | 68-212°F µin/in/°F |
| Specific Heat | 10.419 | 10.419 | 10.419 | 10.419 | .104 (435) | .107 (448) | .125 (534) | BTU/lb/°F |
| Die Shrinkage | .007 | .007 | .007 | .007 | .007 | .0075 | .008 | in/in |
Zamak 2 |
This alloy offers the highest strength and hardness of the ZAMAK family. However, its high copper content (3%) results in property changes upon long term aging. These changes include slight dimensional growth (0.0014 in/in/after 20 yrs.) |
Zamak 3 |
This alloy is usually the first choice when considering zinc for die casting. Ithas a good balance of desirable physical and mechanical properties, good castability and long-term dimensional stability. It offers fair finishing characteristics for surface treatments. |
Zamak 5 |
This alloy has castings which are marginally stronger and harder than No. 3. However, these improvements are tempered with a reduction in ductility which can affect formability during secondary bending, riveting, swaging or crimping operations. |
Zamak 7 |
This alloy has a lower magnesium content in order to increase the fluidity. To avoid problems with inter-granular corrosion lower levels of impurities are called for and a small quantity of nickel is specified. The alloy is good for casting thin walled pieces. Close attention to control of the die casting process parameters is important to eliminate defects. |
Zamak 8 |
This is a good gravity casting alloy. It can be casted in a hot chamber die cast, with improved strength, hardness and creep properties over Zamak's, with the exception of a No. 2 alloy which is very similar in performance. ZA-8 is readily plated and finished using standard procedures for Zamak. When the performance of standard No. 3 or No. 5 is in question, ZA-8 is often the die casting choice because of high strength and creep properties and efficient hot chamber castability. |
Zamak12 |
This is the most versatile zinc alloy in terms of combining high performance properties and ease of fabrication using either gravity or pressure die casting. ZA-12 is the best gravity casting alloy for sand, permanent mold and the new graphite mold casting process. It is also a good pressure die casting alloy (cold chamber) which provides a sounder structure than ZA-27, as well as higher die cast elongation and impact properties. For these reasons, die cast ZA-12 often competes with ZA-27 for strength application. An excellent bearing alloy, ZA-12 is also platable. |
Zamak 27 |
This is the high strength performer of the zinc alloys whether for gravity or pressure die casting (cold chamber). It is also the lightest alloy and offers excellent bearing and wear resistance properties. ZA-27, however, requires care during melting and casting to assure sound internal structure, particularly for heavy wall sections. It may also need a stabilization heat treatment when tight dimensional tolerances are required. ZA-27 is not recommended for plating. However, when brute strength or wear resistant properties are needed, ZA-27 has demonstrated extraordinary performance. |